DCLP Transcription [xml]
Introduction
Pharmacological work. The text is the result of the conjointment of two papyri, P. Ross. Georg. 1.19 and Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Gr. class. f. 38 (P). On one side of the Bod. Libr. MS. are remains from the tops of two consecutive columns, written in black ink along the fibres; it joins P. Ross. Georg. col. 1. 1-16, thus providing the lost piece in the left-hand side of that column. The back of these two papyri contains a series of medical prescriptions, which are yet unpublished (MP3 2412.1). Bod. Libr. MS. col. 2 and P. Ross. Georg. col. 1 form a complete column, preserved to full height and full width (upper margin: 3,5 cm; lower margin: c. 5,3 cm; intercolumnium: 1,5-2 cm; 60 lines; c. 26 letters per line; written area: 7,2 x 26,5 cm; roll height: 35,3 cm). The papyrus contains an alphabetically-ordered list of simple remedies. The surviving column displays entries on ῥητίνη, ῥόα, σέλινον and συκῆς κράδη. A parallel for this list can be found in Galen’s De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus 11.798-12.158 Kuehlw., but the corresponding entries in Galen are based on different pharmacological sources from those used by the compiler of GMP 1.4. The script is slowly written, small-sized, round, informal hand. Letters are traced separately, though the scribe wrote entire sequences of letters without lifting the pen. Changes of section are marked by both on-line blank spaces and diplai (or forked paragraphoi). Comparing this hand with that of P. Ryl. 2.107, our document may be assigned to the end of the first century AD rather than to the second century, as was proposed by Krüger and Zereteli.
(This papyrus has been digitally edited by Gianmario Cattaneo with contributions of Nicola Reggiani as part of the Project "DIGMEDTEXT - Online Humanities Scholarship: A Digital Medical Library based on Ancient Texts" (ERC-AdG-2013, Grant Agreement no. 339828) funded by the European Research Council at the University of Parma (Principal Investigator: Prof. Isabella Andorlini). The digital edition is mostly based on the previous editions (ed.pr. = G. Zereteli, P.Ross.Georg. I 19 [after A. Bäkström, ZMNP 1903, pp. 56-75, and O. Krüger - G. Zereteli, BASR 1918, pp. 1261-1278]; ed.alt. = R. Luiselli, GMP I 4).)
column ii
ναι καὶ παγῆνα[ι]. ὑποχέα̣ς δὲ ὕδωρ(*)
ψυχρὸν γλυκὺ καὶ καθαρὸν ε[ἰς] κ̣ρ[α-]
τῆ̣ρα ἔξελε τὴν ῥητείνην(*) ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣
5χαλκί̣ου καὶ κάθες [ε]ἰς τὸ ὕδωρ, ̣[ -ca.?- ](*)
ῥητείν̣η̣ν(*) ψῦχε ἐν τῆι σκιᾶι, ὅτ̣α̣[ν] δ̣ὲ̣
ξηραν̣θῇ ἀπόθου εἰς ἀγγεῖον κ[ε]ρα-
μεοῦν̣ καινόν. ῥητείνης(*) τερεβιν -
——
θίνης δ̣ι' ὕδατος κ̣α̣ῦσις. λαβὼν χαλ-
10κίον λε̣υκο[ῦ] χ̣α̣λκοῦ ἐξάχουν ἔμ-
βαλε τ[ ̣] ̣ ̣ ̣[ ̣ ̣]ς(*) ῥητείνης(*) χοέα
ἕνα κα[ὶ ὕδατος] ὀμβρίου καθαροῦ
χοέας δ̣[ύο κ]α̣ὶ̣ ἕψε ἐπ' ἀνθρακιᾶς
πολλῆς [καὶ] ὡσαύτως βασάνιζε <ἕ>ως
15ἄν τρει̣φ̣[θ]εῖσα(*) τοῖς δακτύλοις [μ]ὴ
ὄζῃ τῆς ῥητείνης(*). καὶ τότε ἐξελὼν
καὶ ξύσας ἀπόθου. γείνεται(*) [δ]ὲ καὶ
αὕτη ἀποκαυσθεῖσα λευκή. διάλυ -
——
σις ῥητείνης(*). ἡ δὲ ῥητείνη(*) διαλύε-
20ταί ⟦φασιν⟧ ἐλαίωι, φασὶ δέ τινες καὶ γῆι
τῆι \πρὸς τὰ κεράμια/(*). δύναμις ῥητείνης(*)· ῥη-
τείνη(*) δ’ εὐθετεῖ πρὸς τὰς λύσεις τῆς-
κοιλίας, πρὸς οὔρησιν, πρὸς πέψιν, μα-
λακτικὴ \καὶ διαλυτικὴ/ τῶν ἑλίκων καὶ ἀνακαθαρ-
25τική, καὶ πρὸς τὰς φλεγμονίας· εὐθε-
τεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐν ταῖς περὶ πλεύμινα καὶ-
[ἐ]ν̣ ταῖς περὶ τὴν ὑστέραν ὀχ[λή]σεσιν.
[χρ]ηστοτάτην δὲ τὴν τερμινθίνην
ἐν τῆι χρεί\α/(*), ταύτης(*) δὲ ὑπ[ο-]
30[δεεστέ]ραν εἶναι τὴν σχινίνην, κ̣[α-]
[ταδεεσ̣]τέραν δὲ μᾶλλον τ̣ὴ̣ν̣ π̣ι̣τ̣υ̣-
[ίνην. ῥοά]ς πά̣σης χυλισμός· τὰ̣[ς] κ[ό]κ
——
κους ἧς ἐὰν βούληι χυλίζειν θλ[άσ]ας
ἐκπίεσον διὰ ῥάκους ἰς(*) κεραμεοῦν
35[αγγ]εῖον, τινὲς δὲ εἰς χαλκοῦν, κ̣α̣[ὶ] π[ε-]
ρικαλύψας θὲς εἰς τὸν ἥλιον, ἕως ἂν
σχῆι πάχος μέλιτος, τινὲς δ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθ[ρά-]
κων ἕψουσιν, μέχρι ἂν πάχος σχῆι [τὸ]
[α]ὐτό. δεῖ̣ δ̣ὲ̣ παραχρῆμα χυ[λίζ]ειν,
40[κ]αὶ μάλισ\τα/ ὅταν εἰς καταπλάσματα
[α]ὐτὸ θέληις μεῖξαι(*), πρόσφατον χυ-
[μό]ν. ἀποξύντεαι γὰρ καὶ φθείρε-
[ται] ταχέως. ῥόας πάσης τοῦ χυ
——
[μοῦ] καὶ τῶν σιδίων καὶ τῶν φύλ-
45[λων] δύναμ[ι]ς· τ̣ῆ̣ς μ[ὲν] γ̣λ̣υ̣κεί\α/ς
[καὶ] σ̣τ̣ο̣\υ/φ[ει](*) κ[αὶ] π̣λ̣ηρ̣οῖ [τὰ] κ̣ο̣ι̣λ̣ώ̣μα-
[τα κα]ὶὑγρ[α]σ̣ί̣α̣ν̣ ἐ[ ̣ ̣ ̣] ̣ ̣ ̣ε̣ι̣ [τ]ῆς
[μὲν] γλυκείας τὰ [μὲν] ἄ̣λ̣λ̣α̣, δ̣α-
[κρυο]ν δ̣’ ἐ̣[πισπ]ᾶτ[αι] μ̣ᾶ[λλ]ον καὶ
50[πραύ]ν̣ε̣ι̣, τῆς [δ’] ὀξ̣ε̣ίας \δ/άκρυον(*) μὲν
[ψύχει] μᾶλλον [κ]αὶ̣ [σ]τύφει π[ολ]λῶι
[ἧσσον], τὰ δὲ ἄλλα πλεῖον, [τ]ὰ δὲ
[σίδια (?)] τούτων καὶ τὰ ἄνθη φυ-
[χει, τὰ] δὲ φύλλα στο\υ/ει(*) \β/ καὶ ψύχει \α/.
——
55[σελίν(?)]ου χυλισμός· ὁ αὐτὸς τῶι πο-
[λυγόν]ωι. δύναμις αὐτοῦ· στύφει
——
[καὶ ψύ]χει, ἧσσον δὲ τοῦ πολυγόνου.
——
[συκῆς κ]ράδη(*)· δύναμιν ἔχει ἡ πό-
[α μαλάσσ(?)]ειν μετὰ στύψ[εως] καὶ θερ-
60[μάνσεως]· σκευάζεται δ̣ὲ̣ ο̣ὕ̣τ̣ω̣ς̣·
——
χ[ -ca.?- ]
τα[ -ca.?- ]
πυ[ρός (?) -ca.?- ]
5πο[ -ca.?- ]
εκπ[ -ca.?- ]
τασ[ -ca.?- ]
νασ[ -ca.?- ]
φθε[ίρεται (?) -ca.?- ]
10ενη[ -ca.?- ]
μὴ σχ[ῆι (?) -ca.?- ]
ἀπόθο[υ -ca.?- ]
τῶι ἐλ[αίωι (?) -ca.?- ]
τέρα \ἡ δ[ὲ]/ α[ -ca.?- ]
15να ξηρα̣[ -ca.?- ]
ἐστὶν [ -ca.?- ]
——
τῆς ῥίζη[ς ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ πε-]
φυκυῖαν-
λοξος δ̣[ -ca.?- ]-
20λον γένη[ται -ca.?- ]
[46 lines missing]
Apparatus
^ ii.2. N. Reggiani from photo : ὕδ̣ωρ prev. ed.
^ ii.4. l. ῥητίνην
^ ii.5. or κ̣[αὶ τὴν]
^ ii.6. l. ῥητίνην
^ ii.8. l. ῥητίνης
^ ii.11. or τ[α]κ̣ε̣[ίση]ς
^ ii.11. l. ῥητίνης
^ ii.15. l. τριφθεῖσα
^ ii.16. l. ῥητίνης
^ ii.17. l. γίνεται
^ ii.19. l. ῥητίνης
^ ii.19. l. ῥητίνη
^ ii.21. corr. ex ⟦κεραμικε⟧
^ ii.21. l. ῥητίνης
^ ii.21-22. l. ῥη -——|τίνη
^ ii.29. corr. ex χρ⟦ησ⟧ει
^ ii.29. corr. ex ⟦ταστησ⟧
^ ii.34. l. εἰς
^ ii.41. l. μῖξαι
^ ii.46. corr. ex σ̣τ̣ο̣ι̣φ[ει]
^ ii.50. corr. ex κ̣ακρυον
^ ii.54. corr. ex στοιφει
^ ii.58. corr. ex [κ]ράδ⟦ος⟧
Notes
- 2.
ὑποχέας : ὑποχέω “pour” is uncommon. It occurs in the Hippocratic De natura muliebri (15. 25), but in comparable cases involving with the acc. construction, Dioscorides prefers ἐπιχέω , see MM 2.74.1 (1.148.25 and 149.4-5 W) ἐπιχέας τε ὕδωρ εἰς τὸν κρατῆρα; and this verb is normally used in the pharmacological literature to denote the act of pouring an ingredient into a liquid.
- 3-4.
ε[ἰς] κρ[α]τῆρα: of κ the lower arm; Krüger and Zereteli took this to be part of χ. Traces of α’s loop might also be in evidence.
- 4.
After ῥητ{ε}ίνην, unclear traces: first, horizontal level with letter-tops, more ink below and to the right at mid-height; second, top and foot of upright (?); third, remains of cross-bar at mid-height, the right-hand extremity ending with a small circle (or stroke departing downwards?); finally, high traces with further ink below (level with letter-feet) as of υ.
- 5.
At the end of the line survives a lower portion of onward-leaning upright or oblique, the top joined by another oblique descending to right; then space for c. 4 letters.
- 10.
N. Kruit and K. A. Worp, APF 45 (1999), p. 107 note that attestations of ἐξάχους in the papyri are virtually restricted to the Ptolemaic period. The word does not occur in medical literature and in other Greek literary writings.
- 11.
τ [.]. . .[. .]ς: a word connected with ῥητ{ε}ίνης. The beginning can most probably be read τ[ . ]υ̣ or τ[ . ]κ̣, and the space would not exclude τ[α]. But ταύτης is too short, and the trace after the supposed υ is not consistent with τ. A more promising alternative might be τ[α]κ̣ε̣[ίση]ς “melted”, which would suit the space.
- 12.
[ὕδατος]: supplied on the basis of cf. Diosc. MM 1.71.5 W: δεῖ γὰρ χοῦν μὲν τῆς ῥητίνης, δὺο δὲ χοέας ὁμβρίου ὕδατος ἐμβαλόντας εἰς χαλκεῖον; Aet. 1.343 Oliv.: δεῖ γὰρ λίτραν μὲν ῥητίνης, β δὲ λίτρας ὀμβρίου ὕδατος βάλλοντα τῇ κακάβῃ.
- 13.
δ̣[ύο]: supplied on the basis of Diosc. MM 1.71.5 W; Aet. 1.343 Oliv. (see above). κ]α̣ὶ̣: Krüger and Zereteli read ]ν, but the traces (end of diagonal at one third-height, touching an upright curling at foot) suggest αι since ν’s right-hand upright is neither hooked nor curled at foot, and the preceding diagonal joins it at foot.
- 14-15.
ἕως: corrected according to Aet. 1.343 Oliv.: ἄχρις ἄν ἄνοσμος [...] γένηται.